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Donald Trump has said he is raising tariffs on South Korean goods including automobiles, lumber and pharmaceuticals, accusing the country of not living up to a trade deal struck last year and briefly sending shares in Korean carmakers tumbling.
In a post on social media, the US president said the tariffs paid on South Korean exports into America would rise from 15% to 25% because the “Korean Legislature hasn’t enacted our Historic Trade Agreement, which is their prerogative”.
“South Korea’s Legislature is not living up to its Deal with the United States,” Trump said. The administration has yet to issue formal notices to enact the changes.
South Korea’s presidential office said it had not been informed about the tariff hike plans in advance. In a statement on Tuesday, it said the trade minister, Kim Jung-kwan – currently in Canada – would head to Washington for talks on the issue with the US commerce secretary, Howard Lutnick.
Trump’s apparent about-face comes months after Washington and Seoul struck a trade and security deal last year, capping a period of tense negotiations. The agreement was finalised after Trump met his South Korean counterpart, Lee Jae Myung, in October, and included investment promises by South Korea alongside tariff cuts by the US.
Since then, however, the deal has remained in something of a legal limbo in South Korea.
Seoul’s presidential office insisted in November the deal did not require parliamentary approval, arguing it represented a memorandum of understanding rather than a binding legal document.
But on Tuesday, the country’s ruling party said it would work with the opposition to speed up the passage of five pending bills that would allow the enactment of investment in the United States.
Under the agreement, Washington would maintain tariffs of up to 15% on South Korean goods including vehicles, car parts and pharmaceuticals. Crucially, the deal’s terms brought US tariffs on South Korean cars down from a 25% level imposed by Trump earlier in 2025.
Trump’s latest threat, if enacted, would reverse that.
The auto industry accounts for 27% of South Korea’s exports to the US, which takes in nearly half of the country’s car exports. In the minutes after Trump’s announcement, shares in several South Korean carmakers fell as much as 5%, but clawed back their losses later in the day.
Trump has used the threat of tariffs throughout his second term as an instrument of foreign policy. Economists have raised concerns about the approach and the policy also faces a test in an ongoing case in front of the US supreme court. Tuesday’s threat targeting South Korea is his latest against key trading partners in recent days.
Over the weekend, Trump warned Canada that if it concluded a trade deal with China, he would impose a 100% tariff on all goods coming across the border. Earlier in January, Trump also threatened to slap tariffs on multiple European nations until his purchase of Greenland is achieved. He has since backed off the threat.
The chair of international economics at the Atlantic Council, Josh Lipsky, said Trump’s action on South Korea reflected impatience with the pace of Seoul’s enactment of the framework trade agreement.
“It’s just another reminder that the markets were wrong to believe we were going to get into tariff stability in 2026,” Lipsky said. “People say, ‘Oh, but he doesn’t follow through,’ and sometimes that’s true, but sometimes it isn’t. And the volatility alone – there is a price around that.”
With Reuters and Agence France-Presse